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Defense Proteins from Sugarcane Studied by Conventional Biochemical Techniques, Genomics and Proteomics: An Overview
Elena Sánchez-Elordi,
Roberto Contreras,
Roberto de Armas,
Mario César Benito,
Rocío Santiago,
Carlos Vicente,
María Estrella Legaz
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
30-37
Received:
6 June 2020
Accepted:
22 June 2020
Published:
13 July 2020
Abstract: Sugarcane is a C4 plant from the NADP-ME family, which performs a double photosynthetic carboxylation. It is a plant specialized in accumulating and storing large amounts of sucrose in the parenchymatous cells of its stalks. Perhaps because of these characteristics, this species shows to be extremely sensitive to a large number of diseases caused by viruses, bacteria, phytoplasmas, fungi, insects and nematodes, as well as to various abiotic stresses. A large number of varieties and cultivars resistant to many of these diseases have been achieved through conventional plant breeding techniques and also through biotechnological applications. In addition to this, the ability of the plant itself to produce pathogen resistance factors has been a field of research that has provided excellent weapons to combat crop-destroying pests This review describes those proteins that are synthesized by the plant as resistance factors against different diseases from the point of view of conventional biochemistry and also with the tools that modern genomics and proteomics provide. Special emphasis has been placed on the study of those proteins aimed at increasing the physical resistance of the plant that hinders the entry of the pathogen as well as those proteins related to the synthesis of bioactive phenols, polysaccharide hydrolysis enzymes, bacteriocins, oxygenases, oxidases and oxido-reductases.
Abstract: Sugarcane is a C4 plant from the NADP-ME family, which performs a double photosynthetic carboxylation. It is a plant specialized in accumulating and storing large amounts of sucrose in the parenchymatous cells of its stalks. Perhaps because of these characteristics, this species shows to be extremely sensitive to a large number of diseases caused b...
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Effect of Seed Rate on Yield Response of Upland Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties at Gimbo, South-West Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
38-44
Received:
25 April 2020
Accepted:
28 May 2020
Published:
30 September 2020
Abstract: Field experiment was carried out under farmer’s field during 2017 and 2018 main cropping season at Gimbo district in Kaffa zone, South-West Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate seed rate on grain yield and yield components of upland rice varieties. The experiment was carried out using randomized complete block design with three replications. Five levels of seed rates (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140 kg ha-1) and three levels of varieties (Nerica-4, Suparica-1 and Local check) were studied. The main effect of seed rate and variety had significant (p<0.05) effect on all the studied parameters. However, the interaction effect of seed rate and variety had only significant for number of panicles and grain yield. The pooled results revealed that Nerica-4 and Suparica-1 were produced the highest grain yield of 4553.9 and 4173.9 kg ha-1, respectively at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 in the location. Increasing seed rate above 80 kg ha-1 had significantly decreased the grain yield. The correlation analysis was also made to perceive the relationships between grain yield and yield components. Thus, number of panicles, filled spikelets per panicle, plant height and panicle length had positive and significant correlation with grain yield. In addition, partial budget analysis was also made to discern the profitability of the treatment combinations in the location. Overall, growing Nerica-4 and Suparica-1 at the rate of 80 kg ha-1 was optimum to maximize grain yield and economic benefit. Therefore, it can be suggested for production.
Abstract: Field experiment was carried out under farmer’s field during 2017 and 2018 main cropping season at Gimbo district in Kaffa zone, South-West Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the appropriate seed rate on grain yield and yield components of upland rice varieties. The experiment was carried out using randomized complete block desi...
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Effects of Seeding Rates and Nitrogen Fertilization on Seed Yield, Oil Content and Yield Components of Linseed (Linum usitasissimum L.) in the Highlands of Bale
Reta Dargie,
Tamiru Meleta,
Kissi Wakweya
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
45-49
Received:
30 September 2020
Accepted:
16 October 2020
Published:
26 October 2020
Abstract: A significant number of studies have been published on linseed husbandry in other countries but there is limited information on linseed production in the country. Due to such gaps, the experiment was conducted at two locations in Bale, south eastern Ethiopia (Sinana and Agarfa) to study effects of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizations on linseed performance for three consecutive years (2016-2018). The treatments were four rates each of nitrogen (0, 23, 46, and 69 kg N ha-1), and seeding rates (20, 30, 40, and 50 kg ha-1) laid out in factorial arrangement of randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Linseed variety ‘Jitu’ was used as a test crop. The main effect of nitrogen and seed rates at Sinana was not significantly affected (P<0.05) most of the studied parameters probably due to relatively high accumulation of nitrogen in the soil and conducive environmental condition. However, the study conducted at Agarfa using similar methodology was significantly affected by the studied factors. This could be due to low to medium soil nitrogen status of the study site. Accordingly the result of the experiment at Agarfa revealed that applying 23 kg N ha-1 (50 kg ha-1UREA) when 20 kg ha-1 seed rate in row planting were given the highest marginal rate of return. However further investigation has to be carried out on farmers’ field in order to further confirm the present results.
Abstract: A significant number of studies have been published on linseed husbandry in other countries but there is limited information on linseed production in the country. Due to such gaps, the experiment was conducted at two locations in Bale, south eastern Ethiopia (Sinana and Agarfa) to study effects of seeding rates and nitrogen fertilizations on linsee...
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Market Chain Analysis of Peanut in Bambasi District; Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia
Amente Negussa Bayata,
Tewodros Adane Nega
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
50-59
Received:
21 August 2020
Accepted:
5 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Peanut is one of the important agricultural food crops of the world. It is an important source of edible oil and source of vegetable protein. It is also significant source of cash in developing countries that contribute significantly to food security and alleviate poverty. Peanuts have a strong nutritional profile. They are an excellent source of plant-based protein, fiber, and many key vitamins and minerals. Peanuts come in many forms, including roasted, salted, chocolate-coated, and as peanut butter. Different types have different nutritional profiles and various health benefits. This study was initiated to Market Analysis of Peanut in Bambasi District; Benishangul Gumuz Region, Western Ethiopia. The focus of the study was to analyze the peanut market channel in the study area. Different variables were hypothesized to determine quantity of peanut supply to the market. The data was supplemented by primary and secondary sources. The multiple linear regression models were applied to estimate the effects of explanatory variables on quantity of peanut supplied to the market. The results obtained from this analysis indicate extension services, volume of peanut produced, distance to the market, and average price of peanut were found to be the most important significant variables influencing peanut marketing in the district. Therefore, providing extension services, improving volume of peanut produced, improving transportation facilities to strengthen the vertical and horizontal linkages among the marketing agents are recommended to develop and strengthen information on peanut product marketing in the study area.
Abstract: Peanut is one of the important agricultural food crops of the world. It is an important source of edible oil and source of vegetable protein. It is also significant source of cash in developing countries that contribute significantly to food security and alleviate poverty. Peanuts have a strong nutritional profile. They are an excellent source of p...
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Assessment of Dairy Marketing in Assosa District, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
60-67
Received:
21 August 2020
Accepted:
5 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: The important roles of livestock in the developing countries within the agricultural sector in contributing to rural livelihoods and particularly those of the poor are well recognized. Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. This study was initiated to Assessment of Dairy Marketing in Assosa District, Ethiopia. The focus of the study was to identify actors and their roles in dairy marketing chains; and to identify the challenges and opportunities of dairy marketing chains in the study area. The type of data use for assessment is cross sectional data. Different variables were hypothesized to determine dairy marketing. The data was supplemented by primary and secondary sources. Primary survey was conducted in Assosa district to obtain the total number of households that have dairy animals in the three selected kebeles for dairy production. The secondary data is generated from both published and unpublished documents. Descriptive statistics has been used to assess the generated data. The results obtained from this assessment indicate absence of training service and lack of transportation service were found to be the most important significant variables influencing dairy marketing in the district. Therefore, providing training and improving transportation facilities to strengthen the vertical and horizontal linkages among the marketing agents are recommended to develop and strengthen information on dairy marketing in the study area.
Abstract: The important roles of livestock in the developing countries within the agricultural sector in contributing to rural livelihoods and particularly those of the poor are well recognized. Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the ...
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Factors Affecting Livelihood Diversification Decision: The Case of Kuormuk and Homosha Districts of Assosa Zone, Beneshangul Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia
Amente Negussa Bayata,
Tewodros Adane Nega
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 3, September 2020
Pages:
68-76
Received:
4 September 2020
Accepted:
19 September 2020
Published:
23 November 2020
Abstract: Ethiopia’s agricultural productivity is considered low despite the presence of various agricultural policies. These policies focus mainly on on-farm agricultural development to the neglect of rich opportunities for non-agricultural livelihood diversification activities. Livelihood diversification is a strategy that can boost farmers’ income and promote sustainable land management practices. This study was conducted to assess the various factors that affect households’ decisions on livelihood diversifications the case of Kuormuk and Homosha districts of Assosa zone, Beneshangul Gumuz regional state, western Ethiopia. Data was gathered by household survey from 376 sample households of 13 randomly selected rural kebeles of the Homosha and Kuormuk Districts through structural questionnaires. The alternative livelihood strategies that were used by the study households were agriculture only, and agriculture plus other activities (off-farm and non-farm activities). Binary Logit model was employed in identifying the determinants of rural livelihood diversification decision. From 13 hypothesized explanatory variables, 5 variables were found to have significant effect in determining diversification of household livelihood decisions. Accordingly, age of the household head, access to credit, receiving remittance and land size have negative association with livelihood diversification strategy. Whereas, getting training has a positively influence on households choice of livelihood diversification. Therefore, the findings of this imply that rural households’ development policies should consider off-farm and non-farm livelihood activities in addition to agriculture.
Abstract: Ethiopia’s agricultural productivity is considered low despite the presence of various agricultural policies. These policies focus mainly on on-farm agricultural development to the neglect of rich opportunities for non-agricultural livelihood diversification activities. Livelihood diversification is a strategy that can boost farmers’ income and pro...
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