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Effect of Ascorbic, Folic acids and Hibiscus Extract on Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens)
Tamer Farouk Ahmed El-Moghazy,
Esam Abd-Elkareem Abd-Elazeem Al-Azzony
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
46-56
Received:
12 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
12 October 2019
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out in Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt during 2015/2016 - 2016/2017 seasons to study the effect of foliar application with ascorbic acid, folic acid as well as hibiscus extract on quality of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). Foliar application of ascorbic acid and folic acid as well as extract of hibiscus were sprayed twice in each cut (first spry before cut 60 days and second spray before cut 30 days). Treatments included: control "water only", ascorbic acid at (100 and 200 ppm), folic acid at (50 and 100ppm) and hibiscus extract at (5% and 10%). The essential oil (%) of Geranium was determined by hydro-distillation as well as the main constituents of the volatile oil were determined by (GC). The Results showed that, all treatments (tested) caused a great increase in vegetative growth, the essential oil (%), oil yield (ml/plant and L/Fed.) and active compounds; Citronerlol, Citronelly formate, Iso-menthone, B-caryophyllene and Geranyl formate, while it decreased α-pinene and Geraniol. In addition, ascorbic acid at 200ppm, folic acid at 100ppm and hibiscus extract at (5, 10%) are sharp efficacy on increasing the vegetative growth and volatile oil yield than other treatments. Furthermore, it could be illustrated that natural drying caused pronounced changes (acceptable) in the volatile oil% and main constituents.
Abstract: The present investigation was carried out in Sabahia Horticulture Research Station, Alexandria, Egypt during 2015/2016 - 2016/2017 seasons to study the effect of foliar application with ascorbic acid, folic acid as well as hibiscus extract on quality of Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.). Foliar application of ascorbic acid and folic acid as well...
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Diagnosis of Fungal and Bacterial Diseases Based on Symptom & Sign
Yitagesu Tadesse Demissie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
57-66
Received:
23 May 2019
Accepted:
11 July 2019
Published:
16 October 2019
Abstract: Plant disease diagnosis is a form of hypothesis testing, where the hypothesis is simply the identity of the disease, and a good diagnostician goes through multiple iterations of the scientific method (seeking evidence through testing that supports or refutes the hypothesis that s/he generates). Identification of affected plants is one of the first steps in diagnosing a plant disease. Diagnosis is one of the most important aspects of a plant pathologist's training. Both scientific and common names of the plant should be noted. Without proper identification of the disease and the disease-causing agent, disease control measures can be a waste of time and money and can lead to further plant losses. Fungi are small, generally microscopic, eukaryotic, usually filamentous, branched, spore-bearing organisms that lack chlorophyll. Bacteria are prokaryotes. These are generally single-celled microorganisms whose genetic material (DNA) is not bound by a membrane and therefore is not organized into a nucleus. Our general objective was to acquaintance with Plant pathology laboratory materials & make disease diagnosis from field up to laboratory based on symptom and signs from different plant samples. All most all necro-tropic and bio-tropic fungi are grown on PDA agar, but bio-tropic fungi and bacterial diseases cannot grow on PDA agar. The best preferable method to diagnosis bio-tropic fungi is using direct leaf assay and blotting method on petri-dish. For bacterial disease identification we use NA agar. From this laboratory work I had concluded that those fungal and bacterial diseases need their niche to grow and well identified. It is very difficult to identify plant diseases based on sign and symptom. It is very imperative to diagnosis plant disease by collaborating both conventional (using sign and symptom) and molecular methods. It needs further work to identify rust diseases using race analysis up to f. species level.
Abstract: Plant disease diagnosis is a form of hypothesis testing, where the hypothesis is simply the identity of the disease, and a good diagnostician goes through multiple iterations of the scientific method (seeking evidence through testing that supports or refutes the hypothesis that s/he generates). Identification of affected plants is one of the first ...
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Exploring the Potential of Oil Palm (Elaeisguineensis), Spoilage, Before and During Harvest, in Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
67-75
Received:
11 September 2019
Accepted:
4 October 2019
Published:
17 October 2019
Abstract: This research work, was carried out, to explore the potential of oil palm, spoilage, before and during harvest, in Nigeria. 3,600 open questionnaires were distributed to the 4 Local Governments, namely: (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), local government areas in, Nigeria. Out of which 900 was used for farmers, in each local government. A total of 36 locations, were sampled in all the four local governments, out of which 100 questionnaires were used in each location. It was gathered that above 70% of the farmers supported, exploring the potential of oil palm (elaeisguineensis), spoilage, before and during harvest, in Nigeria, while less than 30% of the people could not even understand whether there was any needy, to explore the potential of oil palm (elaeisguineensis), spoilage, before and during harvest, in Nigeria, or not. The results from the questionnaires when using Pearson one-tailed correlation coefficient, however revealed that there was no significant difference from all the farmers visited and sampled, (p < 0.05) table 5. This shows a strong positive correlation, which implying that, exploring the potential of oil palm (elaeisguineensis), spoilage, before and during harvest, in Nigeria, was strongly influenced and enhanced farmer’s support, and had therefore, made this research work to become a reality, (p < 0.05) table 5. The reasons may be due to the fact that in Nigeria, every part of palm oil is not only useful economically, for domestic purposes; the kernel cake gotten from kernel, when processed, can be used as a feed, for dairy cattle because of its high-protein content. It can also be used as a clearing agent, in baked goods, cosmetics, confectionery, shampoo, toothpaste, and washing detergents etc. Pie Chart was used to depict the summary data of each of the local government areas sampled.
Abstract: This research work, was carried out, to explore the potential of oil palm, spoilage, before and during harvest, in Nigeria. 3,600 open questionnaires were distributed to the 4 Local Governments, namely: (Ife East, Ife South, Ife Central and Ife North), local government areas in, Nigeria. Out of which 900 was used for farmers, in each local governme...
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Callus Culture for the Production of Therapeutic Compounds
Emmanuel Dabuwar Benjamin,
Gali Adamu Ishaku,
Fartisincha Andrew Peingurta,
Abolade Samuel Afolabi
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
76-84
Received:
20 September 2019
Accepted:
8 October 2019
Published:
23 October 2019
Abstract: Plant-derived compounds retain a special place in the treatment of various diseases across the world. Their application cuts across every class of disease, where they are found to be often equal or of greater potency, safer and cheaper than so-called "orthodox" medicines. These advantages have led to great interest in the use of callus culture as a biotechnological tool for the harnessing of these useful therapeutic compounds. Callus culture techniques aim to increase the yield of active constituents in cultured plant cells and to produce novel products on a large scale. These techniques have been applied to produce various classes of therapeutic compounds from diverse plant species through empirical determination of ideal culture conditions and other methods. This review presents at a glance the recent advances being made in the field of callus culture for the production of therapeutic compounds, with the aim of showing that it is time for the full potentials of callus culture to be exploited on a scale that will prove a useful weapon in the arsenal of clinical therapeutics.
Abstract: Plant-derived compounds retain a special place in the treatment of various diseases across the world. Their application cuts across every class of disease, where they are found to be often equal or of greater potency, safer and cheaper than so-called "orthodox" medicines. These advantages have led to great interest in the use of callus culture as a...
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Cassava Mosaic Disease and Associated Gemini Viruses in Bauchi State, Nigeria: Occurrence and Distribution
Mustapha Abubakar,
Dharmendra Singh,
Jibrin Naka Keta
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
85-90
Received:
15 September 2019
Accepted:
29 September 2019
Published:
24 October 2019
Abstract: Cassava mosaic disease is one of the most important biotic constraint affecting Cassava limiting the production potential of the crop in Northern Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate the current status of Cassava mosaic disease incidence, severity, infection type, whitefly abundance in the farmers’ field as well as to determine the virus strains causing the disease in Bauchi State, North eastern Nigeria. A total of thirty three (33) farmers’ fields were surveyed and in each field, thirty plants were assessed along the two diagonals with respect to disease incidence, severity, infection type and whitefly abundance and leaf samples were collected from each field for the virus diagnosis. The results revealed that Cassava mosaic disease incidence was highest in Ganjuwa (88.66%) and lowest in Darazo (43.33%). The disease symptom severity was generally mild. It was also highest in Ganjuwa (2.85) and lowest in Darazo (1.34). Whitefly infection is most prevalent (59.73%) than cutting borne infection (2.67%) in the Districts. Adult whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) population was highest in Ganjuwa (56.33) followed by Kirfi (40.93) and lowest in Toro (27.63). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results using specific primers for African Cassava mosaic virus (ACMV) and East African Cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) detected single infections of ACMV and EACMV in 62.4% and 12.9% of the positive samples respectively. Co-infections of ACMV and EACMV were detected in 10.6% of the tested samples. Continuous monitoring of Cassava Mosaic Viruses and whiteflies population is required to provide appropriate management strategies of the disease in Nigeria.
Abstract: Cassava mosaic disease is one of the most important biotic constraint affecting Cassava limiting the production potential of the crop in Northern Nigeria. This study was carried out to evaluate the current status of Cassava mosaic disease incidence, severity, infection type, whitefly abundance in the farmers’ field as well as to determine the virus...
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Meat Yield of Lambs of Serbian “Improved Pirot Sheeps” Depending on Slaughter Results
Jasmina Stojiljkovic,
Zoran Stojiljkovic
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
91-95
Received:
22 July 2018
Accepted:
2 August 2018
Published:
30 October 2019
Abstract: Lambs of “improved Pirot sheep”, divided into three groups (6 male and 6 female in each group). The first group of lambs was fattened for 60 days, the second 120 and the third 180 days. At the end of the fattening, the lamb is slaughtered by the usual technique. Objective of this research was measurement of body mass prior to slaughtering, slaughter weight and to determine the meat yield (dressing percentage) depending on the length of the fattening and gender of the lamb. With increasing of fattening weights and fattening time, the yield of meat decreases, because the weight of the offal increases. Between all three groups for male and female lambs in a body mass before slaughtering, in a mass of a warm carcass with head and offal, in a body mass of a cold carcass with head and offal, in a body mass of a cold carcass without a head and offal there is a significant difference on the level (Р<0,001). In a dressing percentage of a warm carcass with head and offal, a dressing percentage of a cold carcass with head and offal, as well as a dressing percentage of a cold carcass without head and offal, for male and female lambs, there are a significant difference between the first and the second and the first and the third group levels (P<0.001). The results of examination the slaughtering characteristics show that female lambs of the first group achieved significant (P<0.05) higher yield of meat, compared to male lambs. Differences in other examined properties are not statistically significant. In the second group, the male lambs achieved higher body mass before slauthering and slaughter mass of female lambs (P<0.05), but no significant differences were found in the yield of meat. In the third group, male lambs achieved higher body mass before slauthering and slaughter mass, but female achieved higher yield of meat (P<0.05).
Abstract: Lambs of “improved Pirot sheep”, divided into three groups (6 male and 6 female in each group). The first group of lambs was fattened for 60 days, the second 120 and the third 180 days. At the end of the fattening, the lamb is slaughtered by the usual technique. Objective of this research was measurement of body mass prior to slaughtering, slaughte...
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Use of Non-timber Forest Products of Plant Origin as Food and the Impact of Human Activities on Their Sustainability in the South West of the Central African Republic
Guy Gildas Sosthène Zima,
Fidele Mialoundama,
Innocent Kossa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
96-104
Received:
18 March 2019
Accepted:
18 June 2019
Published:
31 October 2019
Abstract: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play a very important role in the food and nutrition security of developing countries and constitute a rich heritage that must be explored and brought to a higher level. In view of this issue, a study was carried out in 09 villages in the intervention zone of the Kadéi Forestry Society located in the South West of the Central African Republic (CAR). This study aims to identify NTFPs of plant origin with high food potential and the impacts of human activities on their sustainability. On the basis of various methodological approaches (ethno botanical surveys of 516 households, literature review, inventory technique...), data were collected, processed and analysed. The results obtained made it possible to carry out an inventory of 69 non-timber plant species belonging to 25 families and 2 large systematic groups namely Gnetophytes and Magnoliophytes. The relative use of plant organs showed that fruits (47%) are consumed more often followed by leaves (36%). The variables collected from the types of uses made it possible to identify 9 priority NTFPs and to highlight the gradual disappearance of 6 large NTFPs due to the effects of human activities directly affecting the ecological niche and the sustainability of these natural resources. In such a context where NTFPs remain a livelihood, the rigorous implementation of good farming practices can contribute to their rational use and conservation for the benefit of future generations.
Abstract: Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) play a very important role in the food and nutrition security of developing countries and constitute a rich heritage that must be explored and brought to a higher level. In view of this issue, a study was carried out in 09 villages in the intervention zone of the Kadéi Forestry Society located in the South West of...
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The Effectiveness of the Use of Melafen Growth Promoter with Seed Treatment of Winter Wheat with Protectant “Polaris”
Igor Kuznetsov,
Anastasia Povarnitsyna,
Marsel Akhmetzyanov
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
105-109
Received:
23 October 2019
Accepted:
9 November 2019
Published:
17 November 2019
Abstract: The most important task at all stages of development of modern agriculture is to increase the yield and quality of grain. Plant growth regulators can play a big role in this. In this paper, the influence of winter wheat seed treatment with Polaris fungicide and the use of Melafen growth regulator in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan is considered. Treatment of seeds with fungicide Polaris in combination with preparations for crop care provided yield at the level of 41.8-61.5 centner/ha. The use of Melafen in the experiment of growth regulator in the conditions of the Ufa district of the Republic of Bashkortostan provided an increase in crop yield to 59.2-63.7 centner/ha or by 30.3-40.4%, depending on the applied processing scheme. Due to the fact that the group of quality-all options correspond to the 2 group of quality or grain 3-5 class, the assessment of the quality of winter wheat grain shows that in the experiment the quality of grain of all options corresponds to the 3 commodity class.
Abstract: The most important task at all stages of development of modern agriculture is to increase the yield and quality of grain. Plant growth regulators can play a big role in this. In this paper, the influence of winter wheat seed treatment with Polaris fungicide and the use of Melafen growth regulator in winter wheat crops in the conditions of the Ufa d...
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The Papel of the Municipal University Center of Trinidad in the Strategic Planning of the Agricultural Cooperative Sector in the Territory
Delvis Valdés Zayas,
Clara Isabel Suárez Rodríguez,
Eduardo Águila Turiño
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
110-113
Received:
18 January 2019
Accepted:
20 March 2019
Published:
22 November 2019
Abstract: The strategic thinking of companies is the coordination of creative minds within a common perspective that allows a business to move towards the future in a way that is satisfactory for all. The purpose of strategic thinking is to help explore the many future challenges, both predictable and unpredictable, rather than preparing them for a probable single tomorrow. Among the main latent difficulties that constitute a current brake to achieve the proposed objectives to achieve food sovereignty of the Trinidad Municipality, Cuba, based on the respect and conservation of the environment, we can cite: bad agro-economic management, indiscriminate use of agricultural inputs, ignorance of producers and professionals of sustainable production technologies, soil degradation, ignorance of botany and plant breeding of frequently planted crops, poor quality or insufficient availability of the seeds of seeds and bacteria used, ignorance and violation of current agricultural legislation, territorial agricultural ordering outside the real context presented by the municipality, among others. Elements that in one way or another have to do with the insufficient training of professionals and workers in the agricultural sector in the territory. The present work proposes a design and implementation of training actions in the agricultural sector of the territory that allow to reach sustainability standards in the same, starting from a joint action between the Municipal University Center of Trinidad and the Municipal Delegation of Agriculture, exposing already the first results of this training, which are taxed to increase the efficiency of work in the agricultural sector of the territory.
Abstract: The strategic thinking of companies is the coordination of creative minds within a common perspective that allows a business to move towards the future in a way that is satisfactory for all. The purpose of strategic thinking is to help explore the many future challenges, both predictable and unpredictable, rather than preparing them for a probable ...
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Natural and Synthetic Mulching Materials for Weed Control in Immature Rubber Plantations
Ruwani Kalpana Jayawardana,
Rasika Hettiarachchi,
Thushara Gunathilaka,
Anoma Thewarapperuma,
Surani Rathnasooriya,
Rangika Baddevidana,
Helaru Gayan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
114-117
Received:
14 November 2019
Accepted:
4 December 2019
Published:
11 December 2019
Abstract: Weed control is important during immature stage of rubber plantations particularly, before fertilizer application. Most of the chemicals are being restricted due to health and environmental concerns thus investigations on chemical free weed control methods are important. The effect of different natural and synthetic mulching materials on weed control was studied compared to manual weeding. Oil palm Empty Fruit Bunches (EFB) was used as natural mulch and shade net and polythene were used as synthetic mulch. Labor requirement in each treatment was evaluated. Effect of mulching on soil nitrogen content, pH, organic carbon content and cation exchange capacity was also measured at three months and one year after treatment application. All the mulching treatments showed significant weed control compared to the control. Since, weed regeneration was observed in oil palm EFB treatment from ten weeks of its application, it was applied again in three months intervals. There were no weeds observed in both in shade net and polythene mulch treatments from four weeks of their application up to one year period. All the mulching treatments reduced labor requirement compared to the control. Organic carbon content was significantly improved by mulching while other soil parameters were not affected compared to the control. Shade net and polythene could be effectively used for weed management and they will be beneficial under labor shortage. Oil palm EFB is effective for weed control with labor saving and it has to be applied in three months intervals. However, there will be no environmental pollution with Oil palm EFB mulch as it is a natural waste material.
Abstract: Weed control is important during immature stage of rubber plantations particularly, before fertilizer application. Most of the chemicals are being restricted due to health and environmental concerns thus investigations on chemical free weed control methods are important. The effect of different natural and synthetic mulching materials on weed contr...
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